Scientology ®:
East and West |
Introduction Hubbard ® announced in Hymn of Asia that he was the new messiah. The specific Tibetan Buddhist prophecy that Hubbard claimed to have fulfilled reads as follows:
Hubbard states in his poem that he would have preferred to communicate in Pali, but declined because his audience would not have comprehended the language. Pali is a scriptural and liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism, whereas the majority of lay Buddhists today follow a different type of Buddhism, called Mahayana. However, there is no record of Hubbard having learned Pali. It could be argued that Hubbard's Pali reference was a rather arrogant positioning tactic for credibility.
Scientology today promotes that Clear is analogous (but superior, due to the permanence of the state attained) to Bodhi. [4] Hubbard had originally associated Bodhi with Dianetic Release and said "a Bodhi is one who has attained intellectual and ethical perfection by human means." [5] Hubbard was eager to endow his Scientology states with corresponding Buddhist states--he also forwarded the idea that a different state in Scientology called Theta Clear compares to Arhat. [6] Yet less than three years earlier, he announced that there is evidently no Nirvana! [7]
Hubbard taught that with the eradication of the reactive mind, the Clear attains "basic personality." Someone who had been put in good shape (with Scientology) could die, go to a hospital, take control of a baby's body, and be able to recall his prior life and identity with no memory loss. [9] This concept is completely at odds with mainstream Buddhist concepts of reincarnation. Jung talked adamantly and at length of the dangers and liabilities of applying eastern philosophy to the western mind. The eastern psyche developed with a much lower emphasis on the ego (which we will briefly define as the center of consciousness in an individual.) Compared against the Eastern psyche, the Western psyche has a much more highly developed ego. On the other hand, the Eastern psyche is much more highly developed in terms of overall psychic factors. Eastern practice seeks spiritual freedom through annihilation of the ego. Western philosophy and religion aims for spiritual freedom through finding a better relationship between the ego and his unconscious factors. Though the spiritual goals sought in both hemispheres attempt to reach the same ultimate freedom, eastern and western paths cannot be exchanged without liability to the basic psychological makeup of each. [10] Hubbard's programming does effectively annihilate the Western ego, while more or less seamlessly replacing it with his ideal for a thetan. (See Theta and the Death Penalty.) Scientology methods would accomplish the same result for the eastern psyche, but Scientology disdains the idea of nirvana, and the end result is something diametrically opposed to what constitutes the eastern ideal. In following Hubbard's Bridge ® , the eastern Scientologist would experience the unity of Hubbard's ideal, and not nirvana at all. I will refrain from conjecturing at this point as to possible economic advantage that Scientology seeks in associating Clear with Bodhi. Certainly the attributes of each state, as defined and promoted by Hubbard, are fundamentally different and completely incompatible. Hubbard defined Dhyana as "Knowingness and Lookingness" and said the literal translation would be "Indian for Scientology." [11] He taught that bodhi is synonymous with dhyana, giving that dhyana was an earlier expression stemming from the Indian origins of Buddhism. Hubbard implied that Scientology itself was the logical end point of the Vedic Hymns, that were "introduced" into the societies of earth sometime around 8212 B.C. [12] The meaning of dhyana is actually: "to contemplate." [13]
Again, the Eastern idea of dhyana involves a vector toward controlled unity with what we consider in the west to be the unconscious. Hubbard's philosophy promotes eradicating the unconscious--there is nothing positive about the reactive mind in Scientology thinking. The Scientologist learns that he is not part of some "spiritual soup," that he is an individual, and that his spiritual freedom depends upon a sovereign outlook towards his environment.The Scientology ideal is to accomplish the extroversion of the individual, by controlled introversion using Hubbard's psychological Bridge ® processes. While introverted in auditing, the Scientologist is indoctrinated into Hubbard's model for the psyche. However, the act of introverting using Hubbard's means breaks down and destroys the ego personality of the individual. Hubbard's method reprograms the person into a new center of consciousness, one that he systematically indoctrinates into the individual.
It is important in Hubbard's system that his subjects do not attempt to undo Scientology programming by independently introverting or seeking an understanding of their condition outside of his strict parameters. Hubbard defined introversion as "looking inward too closely." He strongly proscribed "introversion" and closely associated it with insanity, its manifestation in the insane being only a matter of degree.
Hubbard's Introspection Rundown was designed to treat patients
who met his criteria for insanity. (This is the rundown the late Lisa
McPherson was receiving at the time of her death.) He spoke of this independent
activity as "self-auditing," and taught his auditors how to
correct the situation by specific "repair" actions. Those repair
actions address psychological complexes that have been activated in auditing,
but not energetically discharged. In Scientology there are specifically
designed questions in auditing that serve to put labels on psychological
complexes. These are called "listing" questions. Once complexes
are "labeled" in auditing using this means, the person's relationship
to his complexes changes radically. When a person has "mislabeled"
a complex in his auditing, he will introvert thereafter and automatically
attempt to correct that label and identify the labels of complexes that
are associated with the mislabeled original complex. Where "self-audting"
goes on unchecked, complexes activate in a chain reaction, and can induce
the manifestation of insanity. To compensate for a propensity in Scientologists
toward "self-auditing", Scientology uses ethics control Any other "mental or spiritual practice" such as meditation is strictly prohibited in Scientology, as they constitute unauthorized introversion. "Dhyana" can only be reached using Scientology's closed system. Those guilty of other practices are disciplined in a similar way as the "self-auditing" offender. Scientology processing to Clear has the specific goal of reaching Hubbard's idea of the "basic personality." The overall focus of lower grade auditing is to radically change the preclear's relationship with his complexes by reinterpreting their significance, and by disengaging unconscious affinities the person has toward the personnel contained within those complexes. The unconscious affinities are simultaneously transferred to Scientology itself. This creates a dependency on the part of the Scientologist to Hubbard and to Scientology. When Scientology's psychological strategy is arbitrarily altered by other practices, it can cause significant case upset for the person. More importantly for Scientology, it erodes the affinities Scientology intends to command. (Perhaps this is a reason why Scientology does not accept for processing those who have had extensive psychological therapy by qualified professionals.) In any event, when self-auditing occurs due to faulty Scientology programming, or when the Scientologist engages in other practices, ethics techniques are applied which can introvert the person into believing he has intentionally damaged himself by "straying." Scientology strictly controls the mental outlook of its members. Because any phenomena of introversion is eliminated by Scientology repair programming, Scientologists are coerced into denying the positive function of introverting using one's natural critical processes. This function of the mind is banned in Scientology--the "good" Scientologist is not permitted the psychological freedom to criticize Scientology itself. Any criticism of Scientology or Hubbard is immediately met with an automatic assessment that the person has crimes against Scientology or Hubbard. The solution for such criticism is more controlled introversion called security checking, whereby the person is forced to find and disclose transgressions against Scientology that allegedly predisposed him to criticize. In addition to the necessary mental requisite to programming--extroversion, Hubbard also sought to "stably exteriorize" the Scientologist from his body. He sold this condition as an optimum vantage point for the "thetan." Once exteriorized, Scientology trains their subjects to interpret their psychic processes using Hubbard's ideal. Again, only Hubbard's version of "dhyana" is approachable in Scientology. (See Theta and the Death Penalty for related information on exterorization.) Hubbard attempts to satisfy religious requirements for both the West and the East. In the West, he sells the idea that the ego is the god and that this is what Scientology rehabilitates. He represents to the East that Scientology is the modern route to bodhi, but he does not disclose that Scientology considers nirvana to be the ultimate in degradation. This is the two-edged spiritual confidence trick that Scientology perpetrates upon the world. Hubbard's actual education into Eastern tradition could not have occurred during his brief visitations into the east. He did however visit extensively with the works of Aleister Crowley. Though Hubbard's philosophical assertions were fragmented and without spiritual or psychological integrity, there are clear correspondences that point to Crowley's own writings. As is the case with Hubbard's method of science fiction writing, it appears that he attempted to endow his philosophy with credibility by incorporating the nomenclature taken from other authors. The Time Track and Magical Memory
Ananda Metteyya preached about the possibility of reaching enlightenment in this life, without the need for death. Hubbard's psychological attributes for "Clear" match Ananda Metteyya's ideal for spiritual enlightenment.[20]
There is an esoteric sect within Theravada Buddhism that teaches ultimate individuality, despite Buddha's foundational doctrine to the contrary. On this point, the sect, known as vajrayana ("thunderbolt or diamond vehicle") incorporates earlier Hindu teachings that do grant the existence of perpetual individuality. [22] It is this philosophy that that found favor with Aleister Crowley as well as western Theosophists such as Annie Besant and Madame Blavatsky. Hubbard's philosophy exactly mirrors these earlier Hindu teachings that came forward into Theravada Buddhism.[23] The premise that one is ultimately an individual makes possible a mental "therapy" whereby ancient memories and thought forms can be explored from perspective of personal ownership. Of course, this is exactly what we find in Scientology and Dianetics ® . (Hubbard argument for past lives lay in e-meter ® phenomena and testimonials of his members. However, because Scientologists are pre-indoctrinated into Hubbard's model for the mind, there is simply no objective proof of the veracity of past lives as he teaches. I am not arguing here for or against past lives, but merely pointing out that Hubbard has in no way settled this age-old issue.) Aleister Crowley developed a training system for the magician, called the A . . . A . . . . As part of the magician's training, Crowley incorporated teachings of Ananda Metteyya called The Training of the Mind or Magical Memory. [24] Ananda Metteyya taught that the brain stores factors in the mind that can reactivate in the present and cause a repetition of the original thought form. Bennett called these factors Sankh ra, which translates to "Tendencies." He posited that what makes an individual unique is his own collection of these tendencies, and that by his procedure of training the mind, the energies of these tendencies could be accessed and brought under control. It may be interesting to note here that Hubbard's big research project at George Washington University had to do with a theory on how human memory is stored. Ananda Metteyya had not only already gone this path, but had conducted his own experiments with the galvanometer in an effort to measure thought.[25] Ananda Metteyya's procedure consisted of drills in recalling past incidents in a backward sequence, ever striving to recall earlier and earlier incidents until the veil of birth is lifted and the person could recall any number of past lives.. He also suggested "objective-type" drills whereby the aspirant was to view his body as though from an impassive exterior perspective. Objective drills are conducted in Scientology as a prerequisite to Dianetics auditing, some of which have the end result of "exterior." Dianetics auditing is a process of locating and addressing incidents in backwards sequence of time, always seeking earlier and earlier incidents that the preclear associates with the complex being addressed. Aleister Crowley stated, "There is no more important task than the exploration of one's previous incarnations." [26] Magical memory drills were the means by which the aspirant discerns his True Will for this life. By examining one's past lives and efforts, it is possible to extrapolate one's purpose for the current incarnation.
It takes no great stretch of the imagination to see why Hubbard required members of the Sea Organization to sign billion year contracts. What is possibly even more outrageous is Hubbard's adoption of pons asinorum.
Hubbard's "Bridge" is his joke on Scientologists--he plagiarized Ananda Metteyya's magical memory system and made a "religion" out of it. While Crowley continued to advocate the use of magical memory, he also correctly clarified Buddhist doctrine on past lives, showing the distinction between ego memory and the impersonal concept of ownership:
Hubbard was unquestionably familiar with the above passage. He however chose to ignore the idea of collective ownership of past life memory, opting instead for the Hindu philosophy of individual reincarnation. Up to the grade of Clear, the preclear is indoctrinated into viewing thoughtform impressions as his personal past experience. At Clear, the individual "realizes" that he has been "mocking it all up." He believes he no longer has pictures of his own. Thereafter thought form impressions are assigned to literal entities who own those impressions and are "stuck" to the Scientologist or his body. Upper level auditing banishes those entities--at least that is the interpretation Hubbard gives on the advanced grades. What Hubbard did adopt was Crowley's analogy of the cinematograph. In the fundamentally important Scientology training issue on how to control time for preclears (those who receive Scientology auditing), Hubbard instructed his auditors (persons who "audit" or counsel preclears) as follows:
Scientology's Message to the East Hubbard knew that the way to promote to the Eastern psyche was not in terms of "survival" as this is an incompatible concept with Eastern spiritual belief.
Whereas, Hubbard emphasized "survival" in western doctrine, his message to the east was "love." In the west, Hubbard taught that Scientology enhances survival of self, the family, the groups, and so on. However, in the Hymn of Asia, Hubbard replaced survival with love. He promoted love for groups and sects, love for spirits, demons and the soul, and love for Gods. <sic> However, Hubbard's brand of love is far different from what either the west or the east generally understand love to be. Just as Scientology does not broadcast Hubbard's true ideas on the subject of nirvana, his early teachings spoke of human love as the ultimate in degradation. Hubbard's actual views on love will be addressed more completely in another paper. Hubbard announced to the world that he was Metteyya. In a sick way, he was right. [32] [1] Image from The Illustrated World's Religions A Guide to Our Wisdom Traditions by Huston Smith © 1986 Huston Smith This image is a Burmese conception of Buddha. Aleister Crowley's yoga instructor, Ananda Metteyya was ordained as a Buddhist monk in Burma. [2] Hubbard, L. Ron Hymn of Asia (Introduction) © 1974, 2000 L. Ron Hubbard Library. First published in 1974, Hubbard allegedly wrote Hymn of Asia for a Buddhist convention during 1955- 1956. This would have followed the Phoenix Lectures, which were given in the early part of 1955. [3] Smith, Huston The Illustrated World's Religions © 1986 Huston Smith [4] http://www.bonafidescientology.org/chapter/02/page02.htm [5] Hubbard, L. Ron, The Phoenix Lectures (page 18) © 1969 by L. Ron Hubbard The reason why Hubbard associated Bodhi with Dianetic Release whereas Scientology today associates Bodhi with Clear is probably because around the time of the Phoenix Lectures, Hubbard had reworked the definition of Clear that was different from that given in Dianetics: Modern Science of Mental Health.(See Ability Major 4 early July 1955 Straightwire A Manual of Operation, Technical Volume III page 133 © 1991 L. Ron Hubbard Library) With Hubbard's release of New Era Dianetics ® in 1978, he announced that it was possible to attain Clear with Dianetics after all. (Reference: HCOB 24 September 1978 Dianetic Clear) [6] Smith, Huston The Illustrated World's Religions © 1986 Huston Smith [7] Hubbard, L. Ron Scientology: 8-8008 © 1989 L. Ron Hubbard Library [8] Hubbard, L. Ron PDC Lecture 19 Axioms and Logics 6 December 1952 © 1986 by L. Ron Hubbard [9]
"The basic individual is not a buried unknown or a different person,
but an intensity of all that is best and most able in the person. The
basic individual equals the same person minus his pain and dramatizations."
"It is a clinically
established observation that the reactive mind is relatively shallow.
Below it lies the basic personality of the individual no matter how "insane"
he may be. Therefore, by one means or another, a rational being may be
reached within a person, a being which is not aberrated. It is this fact
of non-aberration which makes the basic personality a difficult aid in
diagnosis. Here however it can be established what the person really wants,
what he hopes, what he actually feels. It has been observed that no matter
what his raving state, providing his brain structure is normal and complete,
the basic personality is entirely sound and sane and will cooperate. After
auditing the person will become this strong, competent and able personality."
"In para-Scientology
there is much discussion about "between lives areas" and other
phenomena which might have passed at one time or another for heaven or
hell, but it is established completely that a thetan is immortal and that
he himself cannot actually experience death and counterfeits it by forgetting.
It is adequately manifest that a thetan lives again and that he is very
anxious to put something on the "time track" (something for
the future) in order to have something to come back to, thus we have the
anxiety of sex. There must be additional bodies for the next life."
"There is a basic
personality, a person's own identity. He colors or drowns this with valences
[false identities] as he loses or wins in life. He can be dug up."
[10] See: Jung, Carl, Psychology and Religion: West and East © 1958 Bollingen Foundation, New York, NY See also: Wilhelm/Jung The Secret of the Golden Flower ISBN: 0-15-679980-4 Though Hubbard did speak of developmental differences between western and eastern civilizations, he ignored the ramifications, and instead credited eastern civilization with a variation of his magical word: "Survive." He said that the eastern civilization learned to endure. [11] Hubbard, L. Ron The Phoenix Lectures (Chapter Scientology, Its General Background) © 1969 L. Ron Hubbard [12] Hubbard, L. Ron, The Phoenix Lectures © 1969 by L. Ron Hubbard [13] Campbell, Joseph, Oriental Mythology The Masks of God © 1962 Joseph Campbell [14] Eliade, Mircea A History of Religious Ideas (Vol 2) © 1982 Mircea Eliade [15] Jung, Carl, Psychology and Religion: West and East (Vol 2, paras. 911-912) © 1958 Bollingen Foundation, New York, NY [16] Jung, Carl, Psychology and Religion: West and East (Vol 2, para. 938) © 1958 Bollingen Foundation, New York, NY [17] Hubbard, L. Ron Dianetics The Original Thesis (page 105) © 1951, 1970 L. Ron Hubbard [18] Crowley, Aleister, Magick Book 4 © 1997 Ordo Templi Orientis Drawing taken from http://www.egnu.org/saints/bennett/. (Copyright unknown.) [19] http://www.schild.fsnet.co.uk/ncf/ncf14.txt Bennett introduced Buddhism to the West as the first practicing monk. For a biographical sketch, see Ananda Metteyya The First British Emissary of Buddhism by Elizabeth J. Harris © 1998 Elizabeth J. Harris Online at: http://www.ssibc.dircon.co.uk/wbf/power.htm [20] [20] See: Dianetics: Modern Science of Mental Health by L. Ron Hubbard (especially Chapter 2 The Clear) [21] http://www.infolanka.com/org/diary/18.html (Copyright © 1997 Thilak S. Fernando) [22] Flower, Stephen Lords of the Left Hand Path © 1997 Stephen E. Flowers [23] Hubbard, L. Ron, The Phoenix Lectures (Chapters 1, 2, 3) © 1969 by L. Ron Hubbard Hubbard taught that Scientology's earliest "debt" was the Vedic Hymns, the workable principles of which he rediscovered and incorporated into his religion. Hubbard states that "as he recalls" the Vedic Hymns were "introduced into the societies of earth in about 8212 B.C. This statement alludes to Hubbard's purported personal memory of having been there, and also refers to Hubbard's illusive alien invaders. [24]
See Magick Book 4 by Aleister Crowley © 1997 Ordo Templi Orientis
Also see The Training of the Mind by Ananda Metteyya/Allan Bennett, Equinox Vol 1 Number 5 © 1998 Ordo Templi Orientis. Online: http://www.mysticalnet.net/equinox/vol1/no5/eqi05005.html [25]
http://www.egnu.org/saints/bennett/
See the Scientology site for a description of his memory experiments: http://www.ronthephilosopher.org/page32.htm [26] Crowley, Aleister, Magick Book 4 (Page 173) © 1997 Ordo Templi Orientis [27]
Crowley, Aleister, Magick Book 4 (Page 174) © 1997 Ordo Templi
Orientis [28] Crowley, Aleister Magick Book 4 (Page 174) © 1997 Ordo Templi Orientis [29] Crowley, Aleister, (John Symonds, Kenneth Grant, editors) the confessions of Aleister Crowley (page 463) © 1979 John Symonds and Kenneth Grant [30] Hubbard, L. Ron HCOB 15 May 1963 The Time Track and Engram Running by Chains Bulletin I © 1991 L. Ron Hubbard Library [31] Crowley, Aleister Magick Book 4 (Page 32) © 1997 Ordo Templi Orientis [32] Another critical analysis of Hubbard's "Pseudo Buddhism" can be found here: http://scn.martinobrien.com/ABUSE/SGORTON/CO/MAITREYA.HTM
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